Sensorized tissue analogues enabled by a 3D-printed conductive organogel

Abstract State-of-the-art tissue analogues used in high-fidelity, hands-on medical simulation modules can deliver lifelike appearance and feel but lack the capability to provide quantified, real-time assessment of practitioner performance. The monolithic fabrication hybrid printed/textile piezoresistive strain sensors a realistic Y/V plasty suture training pad is demonstrated. A class 3D-printable organogels comprised inexpensive nonhazardous feedstocks as sensing medium, conductive composite threads are electrodes. These glycol-based deep-eutectic solvent (DES) serving ionic conductor 3-trimethoxysilylmethacrylate-capped fumed silica particles gelating agent. Rheology measurements reveal influence particle capping group on mixture rheology. Freestanding demonstrate maximum amplitude 300%, negligible signal drift, monotonic sensor response, low degree hysteresis, excellent cyclic stability. increased contact resistance thread electrodes place wire do not make significant impact This work showcases potential these utilized sensorized freestanding for widespread applications education.